Contraception is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy due to coital act. The ideal contraceptive methods should filful the following criteria ,
- widely accepted
- Inexpensive
- simple to use
- safe to use
- highly effective
The most effective method of birth control is sterilization by means of vasectomy in males and tubal ligation in females , IUD's .
Types of Contraceptive methods :
1) Temporary
- Natural method
- Periodic abstinence : means avoid sexual intercourse around ovulation when women is more fertile.
- Coitus interrupts : withdrawal of penis shortly before ejaculation. It requires sufficient self control by man so that withdrawal of penis precedes ejaculation.
- Barrier method
-physical - Condoms, Diaphragm, Cervical caps
-Chemical - creams , jelly , foam tablets
-Combined - use of both
-Hormone method - combined hormone , injectable , implants.
- Intrauterine device( IUD ) - copper & hormonal device.
-Emergency contraception
2) Permanent
- Tubectomy in female
- vasectomy in male
Emergency Contraceptives ;
It can be used to prevent pregnancy if ;
* unprotected sex
* Normal contraception fails
* missed more than one contraceptive pills
* vomit or had diarrhea while on the pills
* forced to have sex without contraception
Their are two options :
1. Emergency contraception pills
2. Copper IUD
ECP is approved to be taken up 3 days after unprotected sex. it is 98% effective.
The copper IUD can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex ,and is more than 99 % effective at preventing pregnancy.
- Levonorgestrel
- Conjugated oestrogen
- Ethinyl oestradiol
- Mifepristone
These are some drugs which use to avoid pregnancy during emergency condition.
Side effects of pills :
- Nausea and vomiting
- Breast soreness
- Tiredness
- Lower abdominal pain or cramps
- Breast cancer